Quick R E, Venczel L V, González O, Mintz E D, Highsmith A K, Espada A, Damiani E, Bean N H, De Hannover E H, Tauxe R V
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 May;54(5):511-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.511.
Epidemiologic investigations of the Latin America cholera epidemic have repeatedly implicated untreated drinking water and water touched by hands during storage as important vehicles for disease transmission. To prevent such transmission, we provided a new narrow-mouthed, plastic, water storage vessel and 5% calcium hypochlorite solution for home disinfection of stored water to a Bolivian Aymara Indian community at risk for cholera. We evaluated acceptance of this intervention and its effect on water quality. Each of 42 families in the study obtained water from a household well; fecal coliform bacteria were found in water from 39 (93%) of 42 wells and 33 (79%) of 42 usual water storage vessels. One group of families received the special vessels and chlorine (group A), a second received only the special vessels (group B), and a third served as a control group (group C). Water samples collected every three weeks from group A special vessels had lower geometric mean fecal coliform colony counts (P < 0.0001) and lower geometric mean Escherichia coli colony counts (P < 0.0001) than water from group B or C vessels. Adequate levels of free chlorine persisted in these vessels for at least 5 hr. The special vessels and chlorine solution were well accepted and continued to be used for at least six months. Use of the vessel and chlorine solution produced drinking water from nonpotable sources that met World Health Organization standards for microbiologic quality.
拉丁美洲霍乱疫情的流行病学调查多次表明，未经处理的饮用水以及储存期间被手接触过的水是疾病传播的重要媒介。为防止此类传播，我们向面临霍乱风险的玻利维亚艾马拉印第安社区提供了一种新型窄口塑料储水容器和用于家庭储水消毒的5%次氯酸钙溶液。我们评估了该干预措施的接受度及其对水质的影响。研究中的42户家庭每户都从自家水井取水；在42口水井中的39口（93%）以及42个常用储水容器中的33个（79%）所取的水中发现了粪大肠菌群。一组家庭收到了特殊容器和氯（A组），第二组仅收到了特殊容器（B组），第三组作为对照组（C组）。每三周从A组特殊容器中采集的水样，其粪大肠菌群菌落计数几何平均值（P < 0.0001）和大肠杆菌菌落计数几何平均值（P < 0.0001）均低于B组或C组容器中的水。这些容器中游离氯的充足水平至少持续了5小时。特殊容器和氯溶液很受欢迎，并持续使用了至少六个月。使用该容器和氯溶液可将非饮用水源制成符合世界卫生组织微生物质量标准的饮用水。
