Smith A W, Brown R J, Skilling D E, Bray H L, Keyes M C
J Wildl Dis. 1977 Apr;13(2):144-8. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-13.2.144.
A 4-year study of Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) leptospirosis in the Bering Sea has shown that in newborn pups Leptospira pomona is associated with a multiple hemorrhage syndrome. Adults may develop an interstitial nephritis and shed organisms in the urine. The hed prevalence, based on microscopic slide agglutination tests, ranged between 7.0% and 15.4% for adult females and 3-4 year old bachelor bulls, whereas nursing pups averaging 4 months of age had a prevalence of 2%. These results are used to conclude that leptospirosis is not acquired primarily on the breeding rookeries but rather is more frequently acquired subsequent to the purps leaving the rookeries, presumably through the food chain during their first pelagic cycle.
对白令海北海狗（Callorhinus ursinus）钩端螺旋体病进行的一项为期4年的研究表明，在新生幼崽中，波摩那钩端螺旋体与多发出血综合征有关。成年海狗可能会发展为间质性肾炎，并通过尿液排出病原体。基于显微镜玻片凝集试验的患病率，成年雌性海狗和3 - 4岁的单身雄性海狗为7.0%至15.4%，而平均4月龄的哺乳期幼崽患病率为2%。这些结果表明，钩端螺旋体病并非主要在繁殖地感染，而是幼崽离开繁殖地后更频繁地感染，推测是在它们的第一个远洋周期中通过食物链感染的。
