Alonzo P L, Smith T, Schellenberg J R, Masanja H, Mwankusye S, Urassa H, Bastos De Azevedo I, Chongela J, Kobero S, Menendez C
Ifakara Centre et NIMR Headquarters, National Institute of Medical Research, Tanzanie.
Med Trop (Mars). 1995;55(4 Suppl):41-6.
Malaria, especially that due to Plasmodium falciparum, is one of the most important parasitic disease in man. It causes more than 400 million cases per year and between 1 to 3 million deaths, mainly among young children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. The current malaria control strategies using rapid diagnosis and treatment as well as methods to reduce the man-vector contact have had limited success. In Kilombero district (Southern Tanzania), malaria transmission is perennial (parasite prevalence > or = 80% all year) and intense (approximatively 300 infectious bites per year). At the household level, each under-5 child suffers on average 3 clinical fever episodes per year. Minimum estimated community rates for serious malaria (cerebral malaria or malaria and anaemia) affect approximatively 5% of all children. Under conditions of a field experiment, the annual incidence of a febrile illness (axillary temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C) reported to the curative primary health services in each child was 0.86 of which 0,35 can be attributed to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The best estimate of the SPf66 vaccine protective efficacy in the Kilombero was 31% (95% CI : 0.52).
疟疾，尤其是由恶性疟原虫引起的疟疾，是人类最重要的寄生虫病之一。它每年导致超过4亿例病例，100万至300万人死亡，主要发生在撒哈拉以南非洲的幼儿和孕妇中。目前使用快速诊断和治疗以及减少人与媒介接触的方法的疟疾控制策略取得的成功有限。在基洛梅罗区（坦桑尼亚南部），疟疾传播常年存在（全年寄生虫感染率≥80%）且强度很大（每年约有300次感染性叮咬）。在家庭层面，每个5岁以下儿童平均每年患3次临床发热。严重疟疾（脑型疟疾或疟疾合并贫血）的最低估计社区发病率约影响所有儿童的5%。在一项现场试验条件下，向每个儿童的治疗性初级卫生服务机构报告的发热疾病（腋窝温度≥37.5摄氏度）的年发病率为0.86，其中0.35可归因于恶性疟原虫疟疾。在基洛梅罗，SPf66疫苗保护效力的最佳估计值为31%（95%可信区间：0.52）。
