Decoq P, Vinckier F
Centre pour les troubles du développement, Universitair Ziekenhuis St-Rafaël, Leuven.
Rev Belge Med Dent (1984). 1995;50(3):43-52.
Each organ of a patient with the Down's Syndrome (trisomy 21) shows the pathology. One notices the specific features already with an infant. The life expectation of these children has increased considerably and it depends upon the appearance or not of a heart defect. The ventricular septum defect is most frequent but a small number of these patients show a complex cardiopathy. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension is also high. The obstruction of gastroenteric tract can cause problems from the prenatal phase onwards. The main endocrinological difficulties are dysfunction of the thyroid gland and also infertility. Ocular disorders like refraction disorders occur frequently. Due to decreased conduction, there is a hearing loss. The cellular immunity is clearly reduced, hence, the susceptibility to infections like hepatitis B, increases. The major oral problems are apparently oversized tongue and a high sensitivity to gingivitis.
唐氏综合征（21三体综合征）患者的每个器官都会出现病变。在婴儿期就能注意到这些特殊特征。这些儿童的预期寿命已大幅提高，这取决于是否出现心脏缺陷。室间隔缺损最为常见，但少数患者会出现复杂的心脏病。肺动脉高压的发生率也很高。胃肠道梗阻从产前阶段就可能引发问题。主要的内分泌问题是甲状腺功能障碍以及不育症。屈光不正等眼部疾病经常出现。由于传导功能下降，会出现听力损失。细胞免疫明显降低，因此对乙型肝炎等感染的易感性增加。主要的口腔问题明显是舌头过大以及对牙龈炎高度敏感。
