Zierz J, Wintzer H J
Klinik für Pferde, Allgemeine Chirurgie und Radiologie, Freien Universität Berlin.
Tierarztl Prax. 1996 Apr;24(2):108-12.
To judge acute processes of pain objectively the results are told of a determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the plasma of 30 horses suffering from pain. Besides a scheme basing on an awarding of points is developed to ascertain changes of physiological and ethological parameters caused by pain. These results in changes of behaviour are compared to results determined by laboratory experiments. Concerning pain of medium and high level a relation to the concentration of catecholamines is noticed. Therefore the total of certain clinical observations is suitable for graduating acute pain in horses.
