Wetterling T, Veltrup C, Junghanns K
Klinik für Psychiatrie. Med. Universität zu Lübeck.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1996 Apr;64(4):142-52. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996380.
Many addicts report on craving--a strong desire to consume the drugs again. Craving is attributed by many addicts to be the main reason for relapse or for the failure to become abstinent. In the recent years some drugs with an "anti-craving" effect have been developed. In this context a review of the complex concept "craving" seems to be urgent. In this paper the psychological conditions of craving and biochemical phenomena possibly underlying craving are reviewed. Basing on the recently available data a new psychobiological concept of craving with two prototypes (craving in early withdrawal and craving during abstinence) has been developed. This model is discussed with regards to possible therapeutic implications.
许多成瘾者报告称有强烈的欲望——渴望再次吸食毒品。许多成瘾者将这种渴望归因于复吸或未能戒毒成功的主要原因。近年来，一些具有“抗渴望”作用的药物已被研发出来。在这种背景下，对“渴望”这一复杂概念进行综述显得十分迫切。本文对渴望的心理状况以及可能构成渴望基础的生化现象进行了综述。基于最近可得的数据，已形成了一个关于渴望的新的心理生物学概念，该概念有两个原型（早期戒断时的渴望和戒断期间的渴望）。针对可能的治疗意义对这一模型进行了讨论。
