Weinstein A, Lingford-Hughes A, Martinez-Raga J, Marshall J
Psychopharmacology Unit Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 Sep;22(6):1376-81.
Craving is a major factor in addiction, predicting poorer outcome to treatment To improve our understanding of craving for alcohol, we have compared in the laboratory the effects of inducing craving for alcohol by exposure to the sight and the smell of an alcoholic beverage, imagery of craving scripts, and recall of autobiographical memories of craving. We used subjective measures of craving, together with autonomic measures, in 14 abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals in the first month after detoxification. All subjects reported a significant increase in ratings of urges after exposure to alcoholic drinks, following the imagery of craving and after recalling autobiographical memories of craving. Physiological measures have shown that craving imagery as well as memory induction were equally effective as exposure to alcoholic drinks in modestly increasing autonomic arousal (indicated by systolic blood pressure). Our preliminary findings support the existing evidence in nicotine and opiate dependence that images and memories are as effective as in vivo exposure in eliciting craving for drugs.
渴望是成瘾的一个主要因素，预示着治疗效果较差。为了增进我们对酒精渴望的理解，我们在实验室中比较了通过接触酒精饮料的视觉和气味、渴望脚本的想象以及对渴望的自传体记忆的回忆来诱发酒精渴望的效果。在14名戒酒的酒精依赖个体戒毒后的第一个月，我们使用了渴望的主观测量方法以及自主神经测量方法。所有受试者报告称，在接触酒精饮料后、进行渴望想象后以及回忆渴望的自传体记忆后，冲动评分显著增加。生理测量表明，渴望想象以及记忆诱导在适度增加自主神经唤醒（以收缩压表示）方面与接触酒精饮料同样有效。我们的初步研究结果支持了尼古丁和阿片类药物依赖方面的现有证据，即图像和记忆在引发对药物的渴望方面与体内接触同样有效。
