Gallant P, Fry A M, Nigg E A
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Epalinges, Switzerland.
J Cell Sci Suppl. 1995;19:21-8. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1995.supplement_19.3.
The eukaryotic cell nucleus is a highly dynamic organelle. This is illustrated most dramatically during mitosis, when the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nuclear lamina disassembles, chromosomes condense, and a microtubule-based spindle apparatus distributes sister chromatids to the dividing daughter cells. Many of these dramatic changes in nuclear architecture and microtubule organization are controlled by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Whereas the cardinal role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the regulation of mitosis is well established, there is now clear evidence for the requirement of additional mitotic protein kinases. Studies into the regulation of CDKs and other mitotic kinases have revealed that these enzymes undergo cell cycle dependent changes in subcellular distribution, suggesting that localization may contribute to regulating their activities. This article describes some recent findings relating to the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of CDK/cyclin complexes at the onset of mitosis. In addition, it summarizes recent information on two novel human protein kinases which have been implicated in the control of mitotic progression.
真核细胞核是一个高度动态的细胞器。这在有丝分裂期间表现得最为显著，此时核膜解体，核纤层分解，染色体浓缩，基于微管的纺锤体装置将姐妹染色单体分配到正在分裂的子细胞中。核结构和微管组织中的许多这些显著变化是由磷酸化和去磷酸化事件控制的。虽然细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）在有丝分裂调控中的主要作用已得到充分证实，但现在有明确证据表明还需要其他有丝分裂蛋白激酶。对CDK和其他有丝分裂激酶调控的研究表明，这些酶在亚细胞分布上会发生细胞周期依赖性变化，这表明定位可能有助于调节它们的活性。本文描述了一些与有丝分裂开始时CDK/细胞周期蛋白复合物的核质转运有关的最新发现。此外，它总结了关于两种新型人类蛋白激酶的最新信息，这两种激酶与有丝分裂进程的控制有关。
