Chryssanthou E, Torssander J, Petrini B
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Infect Dis. 1995;27(4):391-5. doi: 10.3109/00365549509032737.
A total of 62 patients with HIV-related conditions were examined for clinical and mycological oral findings. Cultures from 51 patients were positive for yeasts and included 49 Candida albicans and 8 non-albicans isolates. Of patients with positive culture, 35% had pseudomembranous thrush. In vitro susceptibility testing of 49 C. albicans isolates revealed that the minimal inhibitory concentration for 50% of the strains (MIC50) was 2.0 mg/l for fluconazole, and the MIC50 was < or = 0.125 mg/l for both ketoconazole and itraconazole. Fluconazole resistance (MIC > or = 32.0 mg/l) was found for 14% of the C. albicans isolates tested. Two C. albicans isolates showed cross-resistance to ketoconazole and itraconazole. Associations between reduced susceptibility to fluconazole and low CD4+ cell counts, the length of time since the first AIDS-defining illness and the interval from the first fluconazole treatment, indirectly reflecting the total fluconazole exposure, were observed.
对62例患有与HIV相关疾病的患者进行了口腔临床和真菌学检查。51例患者的培养物酵母呈阳性，其中包括49株白色念珠菌和8株非白色念珠菌分离株。培养阳性的患者中，35%患有假膜性鹅口疮。对49株白色念珠菌分离株进行的体外药敏试验显示，氟康唑对50%菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC50）为2.0mg/l，酮康唑和伊曲康唑的MIC50均≤0.125mg/l。在检测的白色念珠菌分离株中，14%对氟康唑耐药（MIC≥32.0mg/l）。2株白色念珠菌分离株对酮康唑和伊曲康唑表现出交叉耐药。观察到氟康唑敏感性降低与低CD4 +细胞计数、首次出现艾滋病界定疾病后的时间长度以及首次氟康唑治疗后的间隔时间之间的关联，后者间接反映了氟康唑的总暴露量。
