AP-2.2: a novel AP-2-related transcription factor induced by retinoic acid during differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.

A 2.8-kb cDNA encoding a new transcription factor (AP-2.2) has been cloned from mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, in which the corresponding mRNA begins to accumulate 30 min after retinoic acid (RA) addition. The predicted protein is 449 amino acids long and exhibits approximately 65% overall identity with other AP-2-related proteins (human AP-2, mouse AP-2alpha and beta). A 96-amino-acid-long sequence, which is almost fully conserved between all these proteins, corresponds to the previously characterized human AP-2 DNA binding domain. Expression of AP-2.2 in Escherichia coli generated a protein that formed a specific complex with the AP-2 recognition site GCCN3GGC. AP-2.2 activated transcription from a reporter gene containing an AP-2 DNA binding site and acted synergistically with RARalpha to activate transcription from the CRABPII gene promoter. Transcriptional activation required the AP-2.2 amino-terminal region that contains a domain rich in proline and glutamine residues. The pattern of AP-2.2 expression in adult tissues, which is distinct from that of AP-2alpha, is essentially restricted to male and female gonads, to most if not all the squamous epithelia, and to several exocrine glands.