Dependence of epithelial intercellular junction biogenesis on thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular calcium stores.

Perturbation of potentially regulatable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores with the Ca-ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin (TG), perturbs the formation of desmosomes and tight junctions during polarized epithelial cell biogenesis, despite the development of cell contact. In a Madin-Darby canine kidney cell model for intercellular junction assembly, TG treatment inhibited the development of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), a measure of tight junction assembly, in a dose-dependent manner. The TG-induced inhibition of tight junction assembly was paralleled by a defect in the sorting of the tight junction protein, ZO-1. An even more dramatic delay in sorting of the desmosomal protein, desmoplakin, was observed in the presence of TG. In addition, while both ZO-1 and desmoplakin-I in control cells were shown to become associated with the Triton X-100 insoluble cytoskeleton during intercellular junction assembly, prior treatment with 100 nM TG diminished this biochemical stabilization into the detergent-insoluble fraction, particularly in the case of ZO-1. Although spectrofluorimetric measurements in fura-2 loaded Madin-Darby canine kidney cells confirmed the occurrence of TG-mediated release of calcium from internal stores, total cytosolic calcium during junction assembly remained similar to untreated cells. Therefore, the presence of cytosolic calcium alone is not sufficient for normal intercellular junction biogenesis if intracellular stores are perturbed by TG. The results indicate the presence of calcium-sensitive intracellular mechanisms involved in the sorting and cytoskeletal stabilization of both tight junction and desmosomes and suggest a role for calcium-dependent signaling pathways at an early (possibly common) step in polarized epithelial biogenesis.