Gore J C, Leeman S
Phys Med Biol. 1977 May;22(3):431-43. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/22/3/003.
The factors contributing to the structure (i.e. amplitude and shape) of echoes from major reflecting boundaries in tissues are reviewed. It is shown that the pulsed nature of a scanner's emitted sound field introduces complex variations in echo shape which are not usually taken into account. Moreover, echo structure is strongly modified by the geometry of the interface and not only by the physical composition of the adjacent materials. These effects are shown to be characteristic of the basic reflection process with pulsed fields. The influence of some receiver transfer properties on the displayed echo is also indicated. It is suggested that the analysis of sound fields scattered from small-scale internal structures (echo ensemble analysis) is a preferred method of tissue characterization.
本文回顾了影响组织中主要反射边界回声结构（即振幅和形状）的因素。结果表明，扫描仪发射声场的脉冲特性会引入回声形状的复杂变化，而这些变化通常未被考虑在内。此外，回声结构不仅受到相邻材料物理成分的强烈影响，还受到界面几何形状的显著改变。这些效应被证明是脉冲场基本反射过程的特征。文中还指出了一些接收器传输特性对显示回声的影响。建议对小规模内部结构散射的声场进行分析（回声总体分析）是组织特征描述的首选方法。
