Bäckman L, Hill R D, Forsell Y
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Feb;105(1):97-105. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.1.97.
The authors examined a community-based sample of 303 clinically nondepressed individuals aged 75 through 96 years on 4 recall tasks: free recall of rapidly presented random words, free recall of slowly presented random words, free recall of organizable words, and cued recall of organizable words. Using a classification taxonomy that identified mood- and motivation-related symptoms of depression, it was found that motivation-related symptoms had a negative effect on performance across all tasks, whereas mood-related symptoms had no effects. In addition, motivation-related symptoms negatively influenced the ability to benefit from more study time but had no effect on the ability to make use of item organization or category cues. An analysis of the specific motivation-related symptoms suggested that symptoms that may affect the ability to focus and sustain attention (e.g., concentration difficulties, lack of interest) were most strongly associated with performance deficits.
作者对303名年龄在75岁至96岁之间临床上无抑郁症状的社区样本进行了4项回忆任务测试：快速呈现随机单词的自由回忆、缓慢呈现随机单词的自由回忆、可组织单词的自由回忆以及可组织单词的线索回忆。使用一种识别与抑郁相关的情绪和动机症状的分类法，研究发现，与动机相关的症状对所有任务的表现均有负面影响，而与情绪相关的症状则无影响。此外，与动机相关的症状对从更多学习时间中获益的能力有负面影响，但对利用项目组织或类别线索的能力没有影响。对特定的与动机相关症状的分析表明，可能影响集中注意力和持续注意力能力的症状（如注意力不集中、缺乏兴趣）与表现缺陷的关联最为紧密。
