Lakey B, McCabe K M, Fisicaro S A, Drew J B
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Jun;70(6):1270-80. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.6.1270.
The extent to which perceived social support reflects characteristics of the environment, the personality of the perceiver, and their interaction is unknown. This article shows how the methods of generalizability theory can be used to address these questions. When participants rate the same targets on the targets' supportiveness, generalizability theory provides methods for determining the extent to which support judgments are determined by effects due to targets (supporters), perceivers, and their interaction. In 3 studies, each source of variance made significant contributions to support judgments, with the Perceivers x Supporters interaction, characteristics of supporters, and biases of perceivers making the largest contributions, respectively. The implications for theoretical models of perceived support are discussed.
感知到的社会支持在多大程度上反映了环境特征、感知者的个性以及它们之间的相互作用尚不清楚。本文展示了如何运用概化理论的方法来解决这些问题。当参与者根据目标对象的支持程度对相同的目标进行评分时，概化理论提供了一些方法来确定支持判断在多大程度上是由目标对象（支持者）、感知者及其相互作用所产生的效应决定的。在三项研究中，每种方差来源都对支持判断做出了显著贡献，其中感知者×支持者的相互作用、支持者的特征以及感知者的偏差分别做出了最大贡献。本文还讨论了这些结果对感知支持理论模型的启示。
