Malloy T E, Albright L
Department of Psychology, Rhode Island College, Providence 02908.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Mar;58(3):419-28. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.58.3.419.
Interpersonal perception among well-acquainted individuals in a social context was studied. High acquaintance was expected to provide perceivers with a large sample of target behaviors across situations. In turn, memory for acquaintances should be organized by social group and personality characteristics, as predicted by the social context-personality index theory. Differentiation of the target's traits in memory should produce a target effect on perception that is stronger than the perceiver effect. Furthermore, evidence for accuracy, meta-accuracy, independence of self- and other-perception, and reciprocity of affect were anticipated. A social relations analysis of data from a multiple-interaction, reciprocal design was used to study these phenomena. At the individual level, analyses indicated that perceptions of targets were determined primarily by target characteristics and secondarily by perceiver construction of the judgment. Also, perceivers judged targets as targets judged themselves, and targets knew in general how perceivers viewed them. Self- and other-perceptions were largely independent. Surprisingly, we did not observe dyadic meta-accuracy.
研究了在社会背景下熟人间的人际感知。高度熟悉有望为感知者提供大量跨情境的目标行为样本。反过来，正如社会背景 - 人格指数理论所预测的那样，对熟人的记忆应该按照社会群体和人格特征进行组织。记忆中目标特质的分化应该会对感知产生一种比感知者效应更强的目标效应。此外，预计会有关于准确性、元准确性、自我与他人感知的独立性以及情感互惠性的证据。采用多互动、互惠设计的数据进行社会关系分析来研究这些现象。在个体层面，分析表明对目标的感知主要由目标特征决定，其次由感知者对判断的构建决定。而且，感知者对目标的判断与目标对自己的判断一致，并且目标大体上知道感知者如何看待他们。自我与他人感知在很大程度上是独立的。令人惊讶的是，我们没有观察到二元元准确性。
