Leland D S, Emanuel D
Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5225, USA.
Semin Respir Infect. 1995 Dec;10(4):189-98.
Over the past 10 years the diagnosis of viral pneumonias and other infections of the respiratory tract has been greatly facilitated by the application of new biotechnology. Molecular and immunologic techniques have been developed for the detection of viral nucleic acids and proteins in clinical materials obtained from the lung, either by bronchoalveolar lavage or biopsy. Clinicians are now able to obtain a virologic diagnosis with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, often within a few hours of the diagnostic procedure. We review the current status of the newer molecular and immunologic modalities being applied to the rapid laboratory diagnosis of viral infections of the lung, including direct and indirect fluorescent antibody staining of material from the respiratory tract, enzyme immunoassays, centrifugation cultures, and molecular techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction. These techniques permit the rational use of specific antiviral therapeutic agents in patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary viral infections, thus improving both morbidity and mortality.
在过去10年里，新生物技术的应用极大地推动了病毒性肺炎及其他呼吸道感染的诊断。已开发出分子和免疫技术，用于通过支气管肺泡灌洗或活检从肺部获取的临床材料中检测病毒核酸和蛋白质。临床医生现在能够在诊断程序后的数小时内，以高度的敏感性和特异性获得病毒学诊断。我们综述了目前应用于肺部病毒感染快速实验室诊断的更新的分子和免疫方法的现状，包括呼吸道材料的直接和间接荧光抗体染色、酶免疫测定、离心培养以及分子技术，如聚合酶链反应。这些技术使药物敏感型肺部病毒感染患者能够合理使用特定的抗病毒治疗药物，从而降低发病率和死亡率。
