Ehrnst A
Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1996;100:64-71.
The array of diagnostic tools now available allows not only precise serological determination of past exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections but also identification of CMV components in blood during viraemia--predictive of CMV disease. Sensitive and rapid identification of CMV components from infected organs from biopsies and body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, is also possible. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool that now also can he applied in a quantitative or semiquantitative manner. Non-PCR methods, which amplify the signal rather than DNA itself, are also available as quantitative tests. The antigenaemia assay was the first quantitative measure of CMV load during viraemia. It is useful in the surveillance of CMV in transplant patients as well as for drug efficacy monitoring, and is the method of choice in many laboratories. The use of modern diagnostic tools and subsequent treatment with an appropriate antiviral drug should reduce the number of lethal CMV cases to a minimum.
现有的一系列诊断工具不仅能精确地通过血清学方法测定过去是否感染过巨细胞病毒（CMV），还能在病毒血症期间识别血液中的CMV成分，这对CMV疾病具有预测作用。从活检的感染器官以及脑脊液和支气管肺泡灌洗液等体液中灵敏且快速地鉴定CMV成分也是可行的。聚合酶链反应（PCR）已成为一种高度灵敏且特异的诊断工具，现在还能以定量或半定量的方式应用。非PCR方法是通过放大信号而非DNA本身来进行检测，也可作为定量检测方法。抗原血症检测是病毒血症期间对CMV载量的首个定量检测方法。它在移植患者的CMV监测以及药物疗效监测中很有用，并且是许多实验室的首选方法。使用现代诊断工具并随后使用合适的抗病毒药物进行治疗，应能将致命性CMV病例的数量降至最低。
