Berkhout A M
Verpleeghuis De Bieslandhof, Delft.
Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 1996 Apr;27(2):62-6.
Disabilities in nutrition behaviour of 250 residents and 264 newly admitted patients, 65 years and older, of a nursing home were related to their main disorder (stated as the reason for admission). More than 60% of the newly admitted patients and 80% of the residents suffered from disabilities in one or more of the four following aspects of nutrition behaviour: mostly in making a choice, often in bringing food to the mouth and chewing and to a lesser extent in swallowing food. Most of the residents also needed help in obtaining extras and preparing their sandwich meal. Disabilities in choosing, feeding and chewing were particularly frequent in the group of psychogeriatric patients while disabilities in swallowing were relatively frequent in the group of newly admitted neurological patients. The most frequent type of help offered in the case of a disability existed, was personal support and adaptation of the consistency of the food; devices to enable the patient to function independently were rarely used. The care needed by nursing home patients in nutrition behaviour, which can vary between and within patients between deserves more attention because it can determine the intake of food.
一家养老院中250名65岁及以上的居民和264名新入院患者在营养行为方面的障碍与他们的主要疾病（作为入院原因）有关。超过60%的新入院患者和80%的居民在以下四个营养行为方面中的一个或多个方面存在障碍：主要是在做出选择方面，经常是在将食物送入口中和咀嚼方面，在吞咽食物方面的障碍程度较小。大多数居民在获取额外食物和准备三明治餐时也需要帮助。在选择、喂食和咀嚼方面的障碍在老年精神病患者组中尤为常见，而吞咽障碍在新入院的神经科患者组中相对常见。在存在障碍的情况下，最常提供的帮助类型是个人支持和调整食物的稠度；很少使用能使患者独立行动的设备。养老院患者在营养行为方面所需的护理在不同患者之间以及同一患者内部可能有所不同，值得更多关注，因为它会决定食物摄入量。
