De Groof D, Vangeenderhuysen C, Juncker T, Favi R A
Coopération Médicale Nigéro-Belge, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1995 Dec;75(4):321-30.
Maternal mortality remains one of the major problems in public health today especially in developing countries where maternal mortality is estimated to be between 500 and 1000 deaths for 100,000 live births. In 1987, the safe motherhood initiative was launched with the objective of reducing maternal mortality by 50% within ten years. One of the methods introduced to reduce the high incidence of maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries, is the partogram, a visual means used in evaluating a normal delivery. It acts as an early warning system, allowing for the early detection of abnormal evolution in labour as well for the mother as for the foetus. This instrument was introduced in all the maternity wards in Niger in 1990 by the Ministry of Public Health. A study was conducted in one of the maternities of the capital to ascertain the effectiveness of this new instrument to both the mother during labor and the newborn child. 1299 women in labor, primi-and multiparous, participated in the study. Two groups were formed: one consisted of women that delivered prior to the introduction of the partogram, the second group was comprised of women who delivered after its introduction. The results of this study have shown that the introduction of the partogram: reduces the amount of time that a women is in labor, improves the follow-up care the pregnant woman receives, results in a more timely decision made by the health official, and consequently, a prompt referral to a specialised center. The authors estimate that, if used correctly, the introduction of this instrument can have along with other appropriate measures, a considerable impact in the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality.
孕产妇死亡率仍然是当今公共卫生领域的主要问题之一，尤其是在发展中国家，据估计孕产妇死亡率为每10万例活产中有500至1000例死亡。1987年发起了安全孕产倡议，目标是在十年内将孕产妇死亡率降低50%。为降低发展中国家孕产妇和新生儿高死亡率而引入的方法之一是产程图，这是一种用于评估正常分娩的直观手段。它作为一个早期预警系统，能够尽早发现分娩过程中母亲和胎儿的异常进展。1990年，公共卫生部在尼日尔所有产科病房引入了这一工具。在首都的一家产科进行了一项研究，以确定这一新工具对分娩时的母亲和新生儿的有效性。1299名临产妇女，包括初产妇和经产妇，参与了该研究。形成了两组：一组由在引入产程图之前分娩的妇女组成，第二组由在引入产程图之后分娩的妇女组成。这项研究的结果表明，产程图的引入：减少了妇女的分娩时间，改善了孕妇得到的后续护理，使卫生官员能做出更及时的决定，从而能迅速转诊到专业中心。作者估计，如果正确使用，这一工具与其他适当措施一起，可对降低孕产妇和新生儿死亡率产生重大影响。
