Furnham A, Kirkcaldy B
Department of Psychology, University College London, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1996 Feb;35(1):49-61. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01161.x.
This study examined different attitudes towards health and illness among an adult, working, German population. Two hundred and two subjects completed a questionnaire which assessed such beliefs as control over one's health; preventative and restorative measures in staying healthy; perceived efficacy of orthodox vs. complementary medical treatment; the underlying physiological or psychological bases of illnesses, and health consciousness. There was some evidence that females were more inclined to attend complementary forms of treatment, and that younger persons were more likely to consult an orthodox general practitioner, otherwise demographic variables were unrelated to preference for orthodox or complementary forms of treatment. Overall, the complementary medicine (CM) group compared to the general practitioner (GP) group were more critical and sceptical of the effectiveness of orthodox medicine; they felt their health could be improved; they were more loyal to their practitioner, and appeared to display more ecologically aware life-styles. Thus clients who select complementary forms of treatment may do so less from disenchantment with, and bad experience of, orthodox medical techniques rather than from a deep-seated belief in the effectiveness of complementary medicine.
本研究调查了德国成年在职人群对健康和疾病的不同态度。202名受试者完成了一份问卷，该问卷评估了诸如对自身健康的掌控、保持健康的预防和恢复措施、对传统医学与补充医学治疗效果的认知、疾病潜在的生理或心理基础以及健康意识等信念。有证据表明，女性更倾向于接受补充治疗形式，而年轻人更有可能咨询传统全科医生，否则人口统计学变量与对传统或补充治疗形式的偏好无关。总体而言，与全科医生（GP）组相比，补充医学（CM）组对传统医学的有效性更为挑剔和怀疑；他们觉得自己的健康状况可以得到改善；他们对自己的治疗师更忠诚，并且似乎表现出更具生态意识的生活方式。因此，选择补充治疗形式的客户这样做，可能较少是因为对传统医疗技术的失望和糟糕经历，而不是因为对补充医学的有效性有根深蒂固的信念。
