Lagarde M
INSERM U352, Chimie Biologique INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne.
C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1995;189(5):839-51.
Eicosanoids are oxygenated derivatives from 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among these, arachidonic acid is the reference precursor from which most metabolic pathways have been described. These pathways correspond to the biosynthesis of prostanoids with a recent revival interest after the discovery of an inducible form of prostaglandin H synthase, the formation of lipoxygenase products catalyzed by three different enzymes according to the initial carbon position of the oxygenation, and the oxygenation into epoxides and into hydroxy derivatives by the cytochrome P450 family. In addition to these enzyme pathways, the formation of prostaglandin isomers by radical-induced oxygenation and cyclization has been recently described and named isoprostanes. Finally, it is noteworthy to state the interest for two fatty acids of marine origin, namely eicosapentaenoic acid, an arachidonic acid analogue competing with it in different metabolic pathways, and docosahexaenoic acid, precursor of few docosanoids and transcriptional regulator of several activities.
类二十烷酸是20碳多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化衍生物。其中，花生四烯酸是参考前体，已描述了其大部分代谢途径。这些途径包括前列腺素的生物合成（在发现诱导型前列腺素H合酶后最近重新引起关注）、由三种不同酶根据氧化的初始碳位置催化形成的脂氧合酶产物，以及细胞色素P450家族将其氧化为环氧化物和羟基衍生物。除了这些酶促途径外，最近还描述了通过自由基诱导的氧化和环化形成前列腺素异构体的过程，并将其命名为异前列腺素。最后，值得一提的是两种海洋来源的脂肪酸，即二十碳五烯酸，它是花生四烯酸的类似物，在不同代谢途径中与其竞争；还有二十二碳六烯酸，它是少数二十二碳类化合物的前体，也是多种活性的转录调节因子。
