Swearer J M, Kane K J
Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996 Jul;51(4):P189-200. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51b.4.p189.
One hundred and twenty-two adults ranging in age from 20 to 83 years participated in this study of visual discrimination and recognition. The simultaneous-matching-to-sample (discrimination) and delayed-matching-to-sample (recognition) paradigms used identical stimuli for spatial frequency, luminance, spatial localization, orientation, pattern, trajectory, and velocity matching. Linear regression analyses indicated that increased age slowed reaction time on the simultaneous-matching tasks. This relationship was not found, however, when subjects were required to match the stimuli after a delay. When older adults' reaction times were regressed on those of adults in their 20s, very different patterns of age-related slowing emerged from the data as a function of task requirements. The results from the simultaneous-matching paradigm replicate previous reports of general slowing on nonlexical tasks, but this was not true for the results from the delayed-matching paradigm, which used similar stimuli but also involved short-term memory.
122名年龄在20岁至83岁之间的成年人参与了这项视觉辨别与识别研究。同时样本匹配（辨别）和延迟样本匹配（识别）范式在空间频率、亮度、空间定位、方向、图案、轨迹和速度匹配方面使用了相同的刺激。线性回归分析表明，年龄增长会使同时样本匹配任务的反应时间变慢。然而，当要求受试者在延迟后匹配刺激时，并未发现这种关系。当将老年人的反应时间与20多岁成年人的反应时间进行回归分析时，根据任务要求的不同，数据中出现了与年龄相关的非常不同的变慢模式。同时样本匹配范式的结果重复了先前关于非词汇任务普遍变慢的报道，但延迟样本匹配范式的结果并非如此，该范式使用了类似的刺激，还涉及短期记忆。
