Raghuram T C, Rukmini C
National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.
Indian J Med Res. 1995 Nov;102:241-4.
India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and has the high potential to produce rice bran oil (RBO), a by-product of the rice milling industry. Since RBO is, an unconventional oil, the chemical composition, nutrient evaluation and toxicological safety were assessed. The fatty acid composition RBO is very close to that of groundnut oil (GNO). Though RBO has high unsaponifiable matter (4.2%), it is rich In minor constituents such as phytosterols, triterpene alcohols, tocopherols and tocotrienols. Experimental as well as human studies have demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effects of RBO. Further, It was established that minor constituents present in unsaponifiable fraction of RBO were responsible for its hypolipidaemic effects. Nutritional evaluation studies, carried out with 10 per cent RBO and 20 per cent protein, indicated that growth, feed efficiency and mineral balance were comparable to GNO-fed animals. Toxicological studies had shown that there were no abnormalities In animals fed either RBO or GNO. The reproductive performance was also found to be normal as compared with that of GNO-fed animals in all three generations. In addition, neither RBO nor the foods deepfried in it showed any mutagenicity as judged by Ames test. In view of its safety and hypolipidaemic activity, RBO could be considered as an alternative source of edible oil.
印度是世界第二大稻米生产国，具有生产米糠油（RBO）的巨大潜力，米糠油是碾米工业的一种副产品。由于米糠油是一种非常规油脂，因此对其化学成分、营养评估和毒理学安全性进行了评估。米糠油的脂肪酸组成与花生油（GNO）非常接近。尽管米糠油的不皂化物含量较高（4.2%），但它富含植物甾醇、三萜醇、生育酚和生育三烯酚等微量成分。实验研究以及人体研究均已证明米糠油具有降血脂作用。此外，已确定米糠油不皂化部分中的微量成分是其降血脂作用的原因。用10%的米糠油和20%的蛋白质进行的营养评估研究表明，生长、饲料效率和矿物质平衡与喂食花生油的动物相当。毒理学研究表明，喂食米糠油或花生油的动物均未出现异常。与喂食花生油的动物相比，三代动物的生殖性能也均正常。此外，根据艾姆斯试验判断，米糠油及其油炸食品均未显示出任何致突变性。鉴于其安全性和降血脂活性，米糠油可被视为一种食用油的替代来源。
