Caulfield L E, Witter F R, Stoltzfus R J
Center for Human Nutrition, John Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Obstet Gynecol. 1996 May;87(5 Pt 1):760-6. doi: 10.1016/0029-7844(96)00023-3.
To identify factors influencing risk of gaining outside the Institute of Medicine recommendations for pregnancy weight gain, and to determine whether these factors differ by race.
Multivariate methods were used to identify risk factors for under- and over-gain among 2617 black and 1253 white women delivering at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during 1987-1989.
Only 28.2% of black women and 32.5% of white women gained the recommended amounts of weight during pregnancy. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), height, parity, education, smoking, hypertension, duration of pregnancy, and fetal sex influenced risk for under-gain or over-gain. Black women were 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.85) times more likely to under-gain, but 0.89 (95% CI 0.74-1.08) times less likely to over-gain than white women. No interactions were found between any factor examined and BMI or race.
Only about one-third of women are gaining the recommended amounts of weight during pregnancy. Black women are at increased risk for gaining less weight than recommended, and selected maternal characteristics associated with race do not explain this difference. Further, risk factors for under-or over-gain do not differ between black and white women.
确定影响孕期体重增加超出医学研究所建议范围的风险因素，并确定这些因素是否因种族而异。
采用多变量方法，对1987年至1989年在约翰霍普金斯医院分娩的2617名黑人妇女和1253名白人妇女中体重增加不足和超重的风险因素进行识别。
孕期体重增加达到建议量的黑人妇女仅占28.2%，白人妇女占32.5%。孕前体重指数（BMI）、身高、产次、教育程度、吸烟状况、高血压、孕期时长和胎儿性别影响体重增加不足或超重的风险。黑人妇女体重增加不足的可能性是白人妇女的1.51倍（95%置信区间[CI]为1.23 - 1.85），但体重增加超重的可能性比白人妇女低0.89倍（95% CI为0.74 - 1.08）。在所检查的任何因素与BMI或种族之间均未发现相互作用。
孕期体重增加达到建议量的妇女仅约占三分之一。黑人妇女孕期体重增加低于建议值的风险更高，且与种族相关的特定母体特征并不能解释这一差异。此外，体重增加不足或超重的风险因素在黑人和白人妇女之间并无差异。
