[An autopsy case of "diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification", multiple infarctions and hyaline arteriosclerosis].

"Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (DNTC)" is a slowly progressive form of presenile dementia characterized by localized temporal atrophy, pronounced calcareous deposits and numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) without senile plaques. We report a 70-year-old woman with DNTC, multiple infarctions and hyaline arteriosclerosis. This case was clinically characterized by persistent delusional ideas and personality changes. Intellectual deterioration was mild, and no focal manifestations were noted. Neuropathologically, numerous NFTs were seen distributed primarily in the hippocampal region, and massive calcareous deposits were observed in the cerebrum, basal ganglia and cerebellum. There were no senile plaques. Although the findings in this case were compatible with a diagnosis of DNTC, certain additional findings were also noted. The first was the presence of multiple infarctions in the basal ganglia and hyaline arteriosclerosis. Although these lesions may have been induced by hypertension, our review of previous reports of DNTC revealed a high incidence of arteriosclerosis. The second was the absence of lobar atrophy, which may have been due to the cerebral edema caused by the subdural hemorrhage or related to the relatively short duration of the illness. The dilatation of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and prominent NFTs in the hippocampal region indicate the initial occurrence of the disease in this region.