Special feeds for special infants: 2. Feeding the preterm baby.

Individual babies may differ considerably in the way in which feeds can be introduced, the problems they encounter while this is going on, their final feed requirements and the need for supplementation. Sucking and swallowing reflexes are poorly developed before 32-34 weeks' gestation. Respiratory illness is probably the main reason for delay in the start of milk feeding. Immediate aims are to prevent hypoglycaemia and provide normal fluid requirements, if necessary by IV infusion or tube feeding. Preterm babies have large energy requirements. The mother's breast milk is the best milk with which to begin feeding. If a formula milk is given, it should be a preterm, low birth weight formula which supplies extra energy, protein and minerals, not a standard formula intended for babies at term.