Heim M H
Medizinische Universitätspoliklinik, Kantonsspital Basel, Switzerland.
Eur J Clin Invest. 1996 Jan;26(1):1-12. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.103248.x.
The Jak-STAT pathway is a newly discovered intracellular signal transduction pathway that is used by a growing number of extracellular signalling proteins (ESPs) for transcriptional activation of target genes. Binding of ligands to their transmembrane receptors leads to activation of members of the Jak tyrosine kinase family. The activated receptor-kinase complexes recruit members of the STAT family and activate them by phosphorylation. As a consequence, the phosphorylated STAT proteins dimerize, translocate into the nucleus, bind response elements in the promoter of target genes and stimulate the transcription of these genes. Their dual role as signalling molecules and transcription factors is reflected in the name: STAT stands for Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription. Different ligands specifically activate different members of the Jak and STAT families. Signal transduction through the Jak-STAT pathway contributes to the specificity and diversity of cellular responses to peptide hormones, growth factors, cytokines and interleukins.
Jak-STAT信号通路是一条新发现的细胞内信号转导通路，越来越多的细胞外信号蛋白（ESP）利用该通路对靶基因进行转录激活。配体与其跨膜受体结合会导致Jak酪氨酸激酶家族成员的激活。激活的受体-激酶复合物招募STAT家族成员并通过磷酸化激活它们。因此，磷酸化的STAT蛋白二聚化，转运到细胞核中，结合靶基因启动子中的反应元件并刺激这些基因的转录。它们作为信号分子和转录因子的双重作用体现在其名称中：STAT代表信号转导子和转录激活子。不同的配体特异性激活Jak和STAT家族的不同成员。通过Jak-STAT信号通路的信号转导有助于细胞对肽激素、生长因子、细胞因子和白细胞介素反应的特异性和多样性。
