Richter E D, Berdugo M, Laster R, Westin J B, Fischbein A
Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Med Lav. 1995 Sep-Oct;86(5):449-56.
Importation of raw asbestos (90% chrysotile; 10% crocidolite) for manufacture of cement products and other uses, including friction materials and spraying, had dropped to under 3000 tons by 1993 from a peak of 10,000 tons per annum in the late 1970s. Drops in use, manufacture, persons exposed in manufacture and measured exposure levels followed heightened public concern over the carcinogenic effects of asbestos products, despite a relatively high worker exposure standard of 400,000 f/m3. The atypically low ratio of reported deaths from lung cancer compared to mesothelioma in asbestos cement workers up to 1992 (1:2.5) is suggested to be a consequence of low baseline risks for lung cancer mortality in Israel and dropping smoking levels. Exposure to asbestos use and asbestos in place remain, but total risk should drop after 2010 if imports continue to drop. These projections may be altered by trade between Israel and its neighbors following peace agreements. Reductions in risk will have resulted from reduction in exposure brought about by reductions in manufacture and use.
用于制造水泥产品及其他用途（包括摩擦材料和喷涂）的原石棉（90%温石棉；10%青石棉）进口量，到1993年已从20世纪70年代末的每年10000吨峰值降至3000吨以下。尽管工人接触标准相对较高，为400000纤维/立方米，但随着公众对石棉产品致癌作用的关注度提高，石棉的使用量、产量、生产过程中接触石棉的人数以及实测接触水平均有所下降。1992年之前石棉水泥工人中肺癌报告死亡病例与间皮瘤死亡病例的比例异常低（1:2.5），这被认为是以色列肺癌死亡率基线风险较低以及吸烟率下降的结果。石棉的使用和存量依然存在，但如果进口量继续下降，2010年后总风险应该会降低。这些预测可能会因以色列与其邻国在和平协议后开展贸易而改变。风险降低将源于制造和使用量减少所带来的接触减少。
