Trotter R T
Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011, USA.
NIDA Res Monogr. 1995;157:38-64.
This chapter identifies and explores a small number of recently developed advanced ethnographic research methods. There are other techniques that provide an excellent adjunct to standard prevention research efforts, as well. These include the cultural models approach (Price 1987; Quinn and Holland 1987), anthropological decision modeling (Gladwin 1980, 1989; Plattner 1984; Young 1980), the advances in focus group techniques (Morgan 1989), the processes for using ethnographic interviews to create culturally competent survey questionnaires (Converse and Presser 1986), and the uses of systematic direct observations of public behavior. Some of these issues are explored in the references cited above, as well as in other recent articles (e.g., Trotter 1991; Trotter et al. 1995). The number of tools available to ethnographers is growing rapidly, and they promise to greatly increase the capacity to make important contributions to reducing the spread of HIV in human populations.
本章识别并探讨了最近发展起来的一些先进的人种志研究方法。还有其他一些技术也为标准的预防研究工作提供了很好的辅助。这些技术包括文化模型方法（普赖斯，1987；奎因和霍兰德，1987）、人类学决策建模（格拉德温，1980，1989；普拉特纳，1984；扬，1980）、焦点小组技术的进展（摩根，1989）、利用人种志访谈创建具有文化适应性的调查问卷的过程（康弗斯和普雷斯，1986）以及对公众行为进行系统直接观察的用途。上述参考文献以及其他近期文章（如特罗特，1991；特罗特等人，1995）中探讨了其中一些问题。人种志学者可用的工具数量正在迅速增加，它们有望极大地提高为减少艾滋病毒在人群中的传播做出重要贡献的能力。
