Reduction in dynamic indices of cancellous bone formation in rat tail vertebrae after caudal neurectomy.

We have previously noted that a relatively large load (150 N) is required to induce a strain on the cortex of rat vertebrae similar to that induced on weight-bearing bones by normal mechanical usage. It seems unlikely that the musculature of the tail normally imposes loads of this magnitude, and this suggests that the quantity of bone in caudal vertebrae is maintained at a higher level than would be expected for the mechanical environment to which it is exposed. This high bone mass could represent a genetically determined minimum, or could be maintained through increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we denervated the tails of 13-week-old rats by neurectomy at L6, and assessed the response of the caudal vertebrae to mechanical disuse. We found that caudal neurectomy caused a reduction in the cancellous bone formation rate in the eighth caudal vertebrae to 12% of that seen in sham-operated animals. The cancellous bone formation rate in the thoracic vertebrae of neurectomized rats, which are not mechanically disused by caudal neurectomy, was not significantly reduced. This suggests that the cancellous bone formation rate in vertebrae is maintained by substantially less intense mechanical environments than those prevailing in weight-bearing bones, raising the possibility that bones may differ in their sensitivity to mechanical strain.