Wendt P H, Van Dolah R F, Bobo M Y, Mathews T D, Levisen M V
Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 12559, Charleston, South Carolina 29422, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996 Jul;31(1):24-37. doi: 10.1007/BF00203904.
Environmental concentrations and biological effects of certain metals and organic compounds found in wood preservatives were examined. The study focused on leachates from private residential docks in South Carolina tidal creeks. Copper, chromium, arsenic, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in composite samples of surficial sediments and naturally occurring oyster populations (Crassostrea virginica) from creeks with high densities of docks, and from nearby reference creeks with no docks. In some cases, metal concentrations in sediments and oysters were higher immediately adjacent to dock pilings than they were elsewhere in the same creek. Sediments from most sites had concentrations of metals and total PAHs which were below levels reported to cause biological effects, however. Solid-phase Microtox(R) bioassays using whole sediments and rotifer bioassays using sediment pore water showed no significant differences in acute toxicity between creeks with and without docks. Oysters growing directly on dock pilings had significantly higher concentrations of copper than oysters growing at least 10 m away; however, there was no significant difference in the physiological condition of these oysters. Four-day field bioassays measuring percent survival of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus), mud snails (Ilyanassa obsoleta), juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and juvenile white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) showed no significant differences between sites near to and distant from newly constructed docks. Hatchery-reared oysters showed no significant differences between dock and reference sites in percent survival, growth, or bioaccumulation of metals after six weeks of exposure. The results suggest that, in estuarine environments with a moderate tidal range (1.5-2.0 m), wood preservative leachates from dock pilings have no acutely toxic effects on four common estuarine species, nor do they affect the short-term survival or growth of juvenile oysters.
对木材防腐剂中某些金属和有机化合物的环境浓度及生物效应进行了研究。该研究聚焦于南卡罗来纳潮汐小溪中私人住宅码头的渗滤液。在高密度码头所在小溪以及附近无码头的参考小溪的表层沉积物和天然牡蛎种群（弗吉尼亚牡蛎）的混合样本中，对铜、铬、砷和多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了测量。在某些情况下，沉积物和牡蛎中的金属浓度在码头桩柱紧邻处高于同一小溪的其他地方。然而，大多数地点的沉积物中金属和总PAHs的浓度低于据报道会产生生物效应的水平。使用全沉积物的固相微毒生物测定法和使用沉积物孔隙水的轮虫生物测定法表明，有码头和无码头的小溪之间在急性毒性方面没有显著差异。直接生长在码头桩柱上的牡蛎的铜浓度明显高于生长在至少10米外的牡蛎；然而，这些牡蛎的生理状况没有显著差异。对食蚊鱼（Fundulus heteroclitus）、泥螺（Ilyanassa obsoleta）、幼红鼓鱼（Sciaenops ocellatus）和幼白虾（Penaeus setiferus）的存活百分比进行的为期四天的现场生物测定表明，新建码头附近和远处的地点之间没有显著差异。孵化场养殖的牡蛎在暴露六周后，在码头和参考地点之间的存活百分比、生长或金属生物积累方面没有显著差异。结果表明，在潮差适中（1.5 - 2.0米）的河口环境中，码头桩柱的木材防腐剂渗滤液对四种常见河口物种没有急性毒性影响，也不影响幼牡蛎的短期存活或生长。
