Hallahan D P, Kauffman J M, Kneedler R D, Snell M E, Richards H C
Am J Ment Defic. 1977 May;81(6):556-60.
Institutionalized retarded subjects (N=57) were assigned to one of three experimental conditions during a simple three-choice task in which the subjects and the experimenter took turns feeding colored plastic "Cookie Monster." In the imitation condition, the experimenter imitated the subject's choice, and in the ninimtation condition, the experimenter avoided imitating the subject. Following imitation or nonimitation, the subject was given opportunities to imitate the experimenter. In the modeling only condition, the subject's choice always followed the experimenter's so that the subject always had the opportunity to imitate. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the three conditions (p less than .008) in the subjects' tendency to imitate the experimenter. Paired comparisons between conditions showed that subjects in the imitation condition imitated significantly more (p less than .05) than subjects in either the nonimitation or modeling only condition. The nonimitation and modeling only conditions did not differ significantly. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.
在一项简单的三选一任务中，将57名机构收容的智障受试者分配到三种实验条件之一。在该任务中，受试者和实验者轮流给彩色塑料“饼干怪兽”喂食。在模仿条件下，实验者模仿受试者的选择；在非模仿条件下，实验者避免模仿受试者。在模仿或非模仿之后，给予受试者模仿实验者的机会。在仅示范条件下，受试者的选择总是跟随实验者的选择，以便受试者总是有机会模仿。方差分析显示，三种条件下受试者模仿实验者的倾向存在显著差异（p小于0.008）。条件之间的配对比较表明，模仿条件下的受试者比非模仿或仅示范条件下 的受试者模仿得明显更多（p小于0.05）。非模仿和仅示范条件没有显著差异。讨论了研究结果的理论和实际意义。
