Becker S, Glidden L M
Am J Ment Defic. 1979 Jan;83(4):360-6.
The effects of model age and competence on the imitation behavior of 80 EMR boys were investigated. Subjects viewed a videotape in which either an adult or a peer performed a motor task with either high or low competence. In addition, the models engaged in four different kinds of off-task social behavior. The results indicated that the boys imitated the off-task social behavior emitted by high-competent and peer models more than low-competent and adult models. In addition, high-competent models were imitated more than were low-competent models on the motor-skill task, but no significant age effect was found. The efficacy of modeling as an instructional strategy was discussed, and we concluded that EMR boys should be exposed to competent models, especially peers, who emit a repertoire of adaptive behavior.
研究了模型年龄和能力对80名可教育智力落后（EMR）男孩模仿行为的影响。受试者观看了一段录像带，录像中一名成年人或一名同龄人以高能力或低能力完成一项运动任务。此外，模型还表现出四种不同类型的与任务无关的社交行为。结果表明，男孩们更多地模仿高能力同龄模型而非低能力成年模型所发出的与任务无关的社交行为。此外，在运动技能任务中，高能力模型比低能力模型被模仿得更多，但未发现显著的年龄效应。讨论了示范作为一种教学策略的有效性，我们得出结论，应让可教育智力落后男孩接触有能力的模型，尤其是能表现出一系列适应性行为的同龄模型。
