Yamamoto K
Department of Forensic Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Japan.
Forensic Sci Int. 1996 Jun 28;80(1-2):79-87. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(96)01930-5.
Reviewed here are three dental approaches to identification work. One is that using racemization of amino acids. Age estimation of a high correlation of 0.99 was achieved from using the whole dentine from the central vertical section. The highest correlation was also seen when soluble peptide from dentine was used, suggesting its usefulness for age estimation. The racemization rate was highest for Asp, followed by Glu and Ala in that order. The other approach reviewed in DNA typing. DNA is extracted from dental pulp for DNA fingerprinting with Y-specific probe. DNA typing is especially useful for sex determination, allowing valid determination from teeth extracted up to 21 months before the examination. A 3-cycle repetition of PCR provided an accurate sex determination from a considerably degraded DNA specimen, comparable to one freshly sampled. The other approach discussed is the content and scope of the inquests performed by dentists who participate in the identification work in mass disasters etc. In this context, the antemortem dental information including dental records and radiological records provided by families of the victims, play a major role in speedy identification.
本文综述了三种用于身份鉴定工作的牙科方法。一种是利用氨基酸的外消旋作用。使用中央垂直切片的整个牙本质进行年龄估计，相关系数高达0.99。使用牙本质中的可溶性肽时也观察到了最高的相关性，表明其在年龄估计方面的有用性。天冬氨酸的外消旋速率最高，其次是谷氨酸和丙氨酸。另一种方法是DNA分型。从牙髓中提取DNA，用Y特异性探针进行DNA指纹识别。DNA分型在性别鉴定中特别有用，能够对检查前长达21个月提取的牙齿进行有效的性别鉴定。PCR的3个循环重复能够从严重降解的DNA样本中准确确定性别，与新鲜采样的样本相当。讨论的另一种方法是参与大规模灾难等身份鉴定工作的牙医进行调查的内容和范围。在这种情况下，受害者家属提供的包括牙科记录和放射记录在内的生前牙科信息在快速身份鉴定中起着主要作用。
