Chen Z
University of Kentucky, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1996 Aug;62(3):410-31. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.0037.
Two experiments with children between 5 and 8 years of age were designed to determine the effects of different types of similarity on analogical problem solving and to explore the cognitive components responsible for these effects. Three dimensions of similarity shared by the source and target problems were manipulated, and children's problem-solving performance was assessed with multiple measures. The results indicate that superficial and structural similarity facilitated the process of drawing analogies. More importantly, the present research demonstrated that procedural similarity influenced the process of applying analogues. The results also indicate that children as young as 5 and 6 years of age are capable of detecting and utilizing similarities in superficial features, structural relations, and procedural operations. Theoretical implications are discussed.
设计了两项针对5至8岁儿童的实验，以确定不同类型的相似性对类比问题解决的影响，并探究造成这些影响的认知成分。对源问题和目标问题共有的相似性的三个维度进行了操控，并通过多种测量方法评估儿童的问题解决表现。结果表明，表面相似性和结构相似性促进了类比推理过程。更重要的是，本研究表明程序相似性影响了类比应用过程。结果还表明，年仅5、6岁的儿童就能察觉并利用表面特征、结构关系及程序操作方面的相似性。文中讨论了其理论意义。
