Kawamura T
Nihon Rinsho. 1996 Jun;54(6):1642-8.
Cancer has ranked first as regards the cause of death with the longest average life span. So the early cancer detection is very important to prevent cancer death. Tumor-secreted fetal antigens are already part of routine diagnosis of cancer and play an important role in the detection of cancers. However, the present methods for measurement of tumor markers don't have adequate sensitivity to detect early stage of cancer owing to their frequent elevation in benign disease and absence in some cases of malignancy. A cancer screening system with blood samples was devised for purposes of detecting unspecified various cancers. Namely, a modified combination assay with five tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA19-9, CA125 or PAP, DUPAN-2, and cancer risk factors, pepsinogens (PG) I and II and I/II) was investigated in 50 patients with various cancers. The sensitivity of combination assay with these five tumor markers was 68% but that of modified combination assay with tumor markers and risk factors was as high as 87%. In particular its sensitivity to detect cancer of gastro-intestinal tract was highly improved. It was indicated as a subject of future studies that the sensitivity of modified combination assay could be improved further by the exchange and addition of new adequate tumor markers like as CYFRA 21-1 or ProGRP. So I described here the current advancement of assays of tumor markers and the perspective in future.
在平均寿命最长的情况下，癌症已成为首要死因。因此，早期癌症检测对于预防癌症死亡非常重要。肿瘤分泌的胎儿抗原已成为癌症常规诊断的一部分，在癌症检测中发挥着重要作用。然而，目前用于测量肿瘤标志物的方法由于其在良性疾病中经常升高且在某些恶性肿瘤病例中不存在，因此对早期癌症的检测缺乏足够的敏感性。为了检测未指定的各种癌症，设计了一种基于血液样本的癌症筛查系统。即，在50例患有各种癌症的患者中研究了一种改良的联合检测方法，该方法结合了五种肿瘤标志物（甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、糖类抗原19-9、糖类抗原125或前列腺酸性磷酸酶、二聚体2）以及癌症风险因素，胃蛋白酶原I和II以及I/II。这五种肿瘤标志物的联合检测敏感性为68%，但肿瘤标志物与风险因素的改良联合检测敏感性高达87%。特别是其对胃肠道癌症的检测敏感性有了很大提高。有研究表明，通过更换和添加新的合适肿瘤标志物，如细胞角蛋白19片段或胃泌素释放肽前体，改良联合检测的敏感性可以进一步提高。因此，我在此描述了肿瘤标志物检测的当前进展以及未来的展望。
