Luukinen H, Koski K, Laippala P, Kivelä S L
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
Scand J Prim Health Care. 1995 Dec;13(4):294-9. doi: 10.3109/02813439508996778.
Scant attention has been paid to the risk factors for recurrent falls among the home-dwelling elderly, although there are remarkable age and sex differences according to whether or not the falls recur. In this report we describe and analyse the risk factors for recurrent falls by selected clinical variables and the history of falling during the previous year.
A community-based prospective study covering two years.
All home-dwelling persons (N = 1016) aged 70 years or older living in five municipalities in northern Finland.
The risk factors of recurrent falling by selected clinical variables using cross-tabulations and multivariate analyses.
Previous falls, peripheral neuropathy, use of psychotropic medication and slow walking speed were independent risk factors for recurrent falling. The risk of recurrent falling increased with an increasing number of previous falls.
Early preventive measures should be taken among the elderly persons who are prone to falling. In order to reduce the risk of recurrent falls among the elderly, the attending physician should take a critical view of the use of psychotropic medications, and attempts should be made to treat conditions underlying peripheral neuropathies and abnormal gait.
尽管在家居住的老年人跌倒是否复发存在显著的年龄和性别差异，但对于其复发的风险因素却鲜有关注。在本报告中，我们通过选定的临床变量以及上一年的跌倒史来描述和分析跌倒复发的风险因素。
一项为期两年的基于社区的前瞻性研究。
芬兰北部五个市镇中所有年龄在70岁及以上的居家人员（N = 1016）。
使用交叉表和多变量分析，通过选定的临床变量来分析跌倒复发的风险因素。
既往跌倒、周围神经病变、使用精神药物以及步行速度缓慢是跌倒复发的独立风险因素。跌倒复发的风险随着既往跌倒次数的增加而增加。
对于易于跌倒的老年人应尽早采取预防措施。为降低老年人跌倒复发的风险，主治医师应对精神药物的使用持审慎态度，并应尝试治疗周围神经病变和异常步态的潜在病因。
