Luukinen H, Koski K, Kivela S L, Laippala P
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu,
Public Health. 1996 Mar;110(2):115-8. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(96)80057-6.
To define the risk factors for recurrent falls in the home-dwelling elderly.
A prospective population-based study covering two years.
Five rural municipalities around the city Oulu, northern Finland.
All home-dwelling elderly persons (N = 1,016) aged 70 years or older living in the municipalities.
The risk factors of recurrent falling by variables related to social status, life changes, housing conditions, health, functional abilities and life style, using cross-tabulations and multivariate analyses.
The recurrent fallers (at least two falls within 365 days after the examination day) consisted of 17 men (6% of the men) and 71 women (14%). Logistic regression analyses showed female sex, urinary urgency, frequent fear of falling, dizziness, a poor pulse rate rise 30 seconds after standing up and falling during the previous year to be risk factors for recurrent falls. After the variable representing previous falls had been removed from the analysis, urinary incontinence and a change in housing conditions during the past two years emerged and urinary urgency dropped out of the model.
Women particularly are a target group for the prevention of falls among the elderly. Urinary urgency and urinary incontinence, fear of falling, dizziness and changes in the housing conditions should be inquired about to identify the elderly at risk for falling and to take preventive interventions. In addition to testing blood pressure changes after standing up, the changes in pulse rate should be determined to identify and treat elderly people who have orthostatic conditions.
确定居家老年人反复跌倒的风险因素。
一项为期两年的基于人群的前瞻性研究。
芬兰北部奥卢市周边的五个农村自治市。
居住在这些自治市的所有70岁及以上的居家老年人（N = 1016）。
通过与社会地位、生活变化、住房条件、健康状况、功能能力和生活方式相关的变量，采用交叉表和多变量分析方法，分析反复跌倒的风险因素。
反复跌倒者（检查日后365天内至少跌倒两次）包括17名男性（占男性的6%）和71名女性（占14%）。逻辑回归分析显示，女性、尿急、频繁害怕跌倒、头晕、站立30秒后脉搏率上升不佳以及上一年跌倒为反复跌倒的风险因素。在分析中去除代表既往跌倒的变量后，尿失禁和过去两年住房条件的变化出现，尿急退出模型。
女性尤其应作为预防老年人跌倒的目标群体。应询问尿急、尿失禁、害怕跌倒和住房条件变化情况，以识别有跌倒风险的老年人并采取预防干预措施。除了检测站立后的血压变化外，还应测定脉搏率变化，以识别和治疗有体位性状况的老年人。
