Deery H A, Love A W
School of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia.
Addiction. 1996 Jun;91(6):815-27. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.9168158.x.
Hazard perception latency has been identified as one source of individual differences in road accidents, but alcohol's effects on hazard perception has not been addressed thoroughly. Furthermore, individuals convicted of driving while impaired (DWI), in comparison with other drink-drivers, have been found to possess a poor driving record, suggesting that they may also respond poorly to hazards. Therefore, this research studied young drivers across the spectrum of drink-driving practices, from non drink-drivers to DWI offenders. It examined alcohol's effects on their hazard perception profile, including aspects of both driving skill (hazard perception latency) and driving style (the perceived level of risk in hazards). Thirty-two subjects aged 18-25 years underwent two experimental conditions in a counterbalanced design: no alcohol and moderate alcohol. Alcohol was found to affect both driving skill and driving style. With a 0.05% BAC subjects took longer to detect hazards and responded to them in a more abrupt manner and these effects were particularly pronounced for DWI offenders. The results also supported a distinction between active hazards (hazards arising from the driver's own actions) and passive hazards (hazards arising from the actions of other road users). Irrespective of their drink-driving practices, subjects perceived active hazards as less dangerous than passive hazards. Furthermore, compared with other drink-drivers, DWI offenders perceived less risk during passive hazards (with a 0.05% BAC) and active hazards (when sober). It is suggested that these effects may underlie, at least in part, the increase in accident risk associated with impaired driving.
危险感知潜伏期已被确定为道路交通事故中个体差异的一个来源，但酒精对危险感知的影响尚未得到充分研究。此外，与其他酒后驾车者相比，因酒后驾车（DWI）被定罪的人驾驶记录较差，这表明他们对危险的反应可能也很差。因此，本研究对从非酒后驾车者到酒后驾车罪犯等各种酒后驾车行为的年轻驾驶员进行了研究。研究考察了酒精对他们危险感知特征的影响，包括驾驶技能（危险感知潜伏期）和驾驶风格（对危险中感知到的风险水平）两个方面。32名年龄在18至25岁之间的受试者按照平衡设计接受了两种实验条件：不饮酒和适度饮酒。研究发现，酒精会影响驾驶技能和驾驶风格。血液酒精浓度（BAC）为0.05%时，受试者检测危险的时间更长，对危险的反应更突然，这些影响在酒后驾车罪犯中尤为明显。研究结果还支持了主动危险（由驾驶员自身行为引起的危险）和被动危险（由其他道路使用者的行为引起的危险）之间的区别。无论他们的酒后驾车行为如何，受试者都认为主动危险比被动危险危险性更小。此外，与其他酒后驾车者相比，酒后驾车罪犯在被动危险（BAC为0.05%时）和主动危险（清醒时）期间感知到的风险更小。研究表明，这些影响可能至少部分地是与酒后驾车相关的事故风险增加的原因。
