Powell M P, Spellman J R
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 1996 Mar;9(4):31-43. doi: 10.1097/00005237-199603000-00005.
Ectopic pregnancies are the leading cause of pregnancy-related death during the first trimester. Historically, the treatment for an ectopic pregnancy was emergency laparotomy, which included salpingectomy. In 1987, research began at the Regional Medical Center at Memphis, in conjunction with the University of Tennessee, examining early detection and medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy. Pharmacologic management of an unruptured, size-appropriate ectopic pregnancy is now an established standard of care. The present protocol recommends single-dose methotrexate. This form of methotrexate has proven to be a successful, cost-effective alternative to traditional surgical management of ectopic pregnancies.
异位妊娠是孕早期与妊娠相关死亡的主要原因。历史上，异位妊娠的治疗方法是急诊剖腹手术，包括输卵管切除术。1987年，孟菲斯地区医疗中心与田纳西大学联合开展了一项研究，探讨异位妊娠的早期检测和药物治疗。对于未破裂、大小合适的异位妊娠，药物治疗现已成为既定的标准治疗方法。目前的方案推荐使用单剂量甲氨蝶呤。这种形式的甲氨蝶呤已被证明是异位妊娠传统手术治疗的一种成功且具有成本效益的替代方法。
