Torok LS, Lockwood S, Fanz D
NJ Department of Environmental Protection, Land Use Regulation Program, 501 East State Street, Trenton, New Jersey 08625, USA
Environ Manage. 1996 Sep;20(5):741-52. doi: 10.1007/BF01204145.
A review of wetland impacts authorized under the New Jersey Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act (FWPA) was conducted based on permitting data compiled for the period 1 July 1988 to 31 December 1993. Data regarding the acreage of wetlands impacted, location of impacts by drainage basin and watershed, and mitigation were analyzed. Wetland impacts authorized and mitigation under New Jersey's program were evaluated and compared with Section 404 information available for New Jersey and other regions of the United States.Under the FWPA, 3003 permits were issued authorizing impacts to 234.76 ha (602.27 acres) of wetlands and waters. Compensatory mitigation requirements for impacts associated with individual permits required the creation of 69.20 ha.(171.00 acres), and restoration of 16.49 ha (40.75 acres) of wetlands. Cumulative impacts by watershed were directly related to levels of development and population growth.The FWPA has resulted in an estimated 67% reduction [44.32 ha (109.47 acres) vs 136.26 ha (336.56 acres)] in annual wetland and water impacts when compared with Section 404 data for New Jersey. For mitigation, the slight increase in wetland acreage over acreage impacted is largely consistent with Section 404 data.Based on this evaluation, the FWPA has succeeded in reducing the level of wetland impacts in New Jersey. However, despite stringent regulation of activities in and around wetlands, New Jersey continues to experience approximately 32 ha (79 acres) of unmitigated wetland impacts annually. Our results suggest that additional efforts focusing on minimizing wetland impacts and increasing wetlands creation are needed to attain a goal of no net loss of freshwater wetlands.KEY WORDS: Wetlands; Clean Water Act; Freshwater Wetland Protection Act; Nationwide permits; Mitigation; New Jersey
基于1988年7月1日至1993年12月31日期间收集的许可数据，对新泽西州《淡水湿地保护法》（FWPA）授权的湿地影响进行了审查。分析了有关受影响湿地面积、按排水流域和分水岭划分的影响位置以及缓解措施的数据。对新泽西州项目授权的湿地影响和缓解措施进行了评估，并与新泽西州和美国其他地区可获得的第404条信息进行了比较。
根据《淡水湿地保护法》，共发放了3003份许可，授权对234.76公顷（602.27英亩）的湿地和水域造成影响。与个别许可相关的影响的补偿性缓解要求是创建69.20公顷（171.00英亩），并恢复16.49公顷（40.75英亩）的湿地。按分水岭划分的累积影响与开发水平和人口增长直接相关。
与新泽西州的第404条数据相比，《淡水湿地保护法》使每年的湿地和水域影响估计减少了67%[44.32公顷（109.47英亩）对136.26公顷（336.56英亩）]。对于缓解措施，湿地面积相对于受影响面积的略有增加在很大程度上与第404条数据一致。
基于这一评估，《淡水湿地保护法》成功地降低了新泽西州湿地影响的水平。然而，尽管对湿地及其周边活动进行了严格监管，但新泽西州每年仍继续遭受约32公顷（79英亩）未缓解的湿地影响。我们的结果表明，需要做出更多努力，专注于尽量减少湿地影响并增加湿地创建，以实现淡水湿地无净损失的目标。
湿地；《清洁水法》；《淡水湿地保护法》；全国性许可；缓解措施；新泽西州
