Rosman D L, Knuiman M W, Ryan G A
Department of Public Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 1996 Mar;28(2):163-70. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(95)00052-6.
Reliable and consistent measures of injury severity are necessary for the study of environmental, crash and personal factors involved in road traffic crashes. This study was designed to evaluate measures of injury severity derived from computerized hospital discharge records, using 3609 road crash casualties admitted to hospital in Western Australia in 1988. External cause of injury codes were used to identify injuries from road traffic crashes. The ICDMAP software was used to convert the diagnosis codes into Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores for each body region. The maximum AIS values were derived using (1) all 12 diagnosis codes; (2) the first six diagnosis codes; and (3) the principal diagnosis code alone. Other measures of injury severity evaluated were the number of body regions with at least one injury; the number of regions with Abbreviated Injury Severity score of three or more; and total number of days spent in hospital. Discriminant analysis suggested that the AIS could be separated into minor and major injuries at a score of three and the Injury Severity Score at a score of nine. The measures derived from the AIS were all strongly correlated with each other and with the length of hospital stay and the dichotomized values gave similar results to the other scores when used in regression analyses of the injury experience of different types of road users. It was concluded that measures incorporating elements of both severity and number of injuries were preferable but length of hospital stay would be a suitable proxy if no other injury information was available.
对于研究道路交通事故中涉及的环境、碰撞和个人因素而言，可靠且一致的损伤严重程度测量方法是必要的。本研究旨在评估从计算机化医院出院记录中得出的损伤严重程度测量方法，使用了1988年西澳大利亚州3609名因道路交通事故入院的伤员数据。损伤外部原因编码用于识别道路交通事故导致的损伤。ICDMAP软件用于将诊断编码转换为每个身体区域的简明损伤定级标准（AIS）分数。最大AIS值通过以下方式得出：（1）全部12个诊断编码；（2）前六个诊断编码；以及（3）仅使用主要诊断编码。评估的其他损伤严重程度测量指标包括至少有一处损伤的身体区域数量；简明损伤严重程度评分为3分或更高的区域数量；以及住院总天数。判别分析表明，AIS在分数为3时可分为轻伤和重伤，损伤严重程度评分在分数为9时也可区分。从AIS得出的测量指标彼此之间以及与住院时间都高度相关，并且在对不同类型道路使用者的损伤经历进行回归分析时，二分值与其他分数得出的结果相似。得出的结论是，包含严重程度和损伤数量要素的测量方法更为可取，但如果没有其他损伤信息，住院时间将是一个合适的替代指标。
