Watanabe Y, Nawa H, Koike N
Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo Medical College.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1995 Nov;69(11):1235-43. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.69.1235.
Various antiseptics, commonly used in hospital, were tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at high concentrations (approximately 10(9) CFU/ml) and in short time exposures. The antiseptic solutions of 0.05% alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, 0.05% benzalkonium chloride, 0.2% povidone-iodine gargle and 0.03% dominophen bromide produced 1,000 to 1/100,000 reduction after a 30 sec exposure. 7.5 % povidone-iodine scrub and 0.2% benzalkonium chloride in 83% ethanol were most effective, reducing MRSA under detection limits. (less than 10 CFU/ml) 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate was less effective, producing no evident reduction even after 1 min of exposure. Though 0.2% povidone solution reduced MRSA under detection limits at 37, 24 hrs incubation, colonies of several strains were detected after 48 hrs extended incubation. This suggests the existence of strains resistant to the antiseptic solution of povidone-iodine. We recommend that the disinfection for these strains should be repeated short time disinfection, because repeated short time exposure (15 sec 2 times) of antiseptics was more effective than one long time exposure (30 sec once).
对医院常用的多种防腐剂进行了测试,检测其在高浓度(约10⁹CFU/ml)和短时间接触条件下对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的作用。0.05%盐酸烷基二氨基乙基甘氨酸、0.05%苯扎氯铵、0.2%聚维酮碘含漱液和0.03%度米芬溴铵的防腐剂溶液在暴露30秒后,使MRSA数量减少了1000至十万分之一。7.5%聚维酮碘擦洗剂和83%乙醇中的0.2%苯扎氯铵最为有效,可将MRSA数量减少至检测限以下(低于10CFU/ml)。0.05%葡萄糖酸氯己定效果较差,即使暴露1分钟后也没有明显减少。虽然0.2%聚维酮溶液在37℃孵育24小时后可将MRSA数量减少至检测限以下,但延长孵育48小时后检测到了几种菌株的菌落。这表明存在对聚维酮碘防腐剂溶液耐药的菌株。我们建议对这些菌株的消毒应采用短时间重复消毒,因为防腐剂短时间重复暴露(15秒,2次)比长时间一次暴露(30秒,1次)更有效。