Engel J D
Am J Med Technol. 1977 May;43(5):436-9.
Testing and measurement represent a critical component of an educational system since they provide the essential information for making fundamental educational decisions. The type of information required in a particular situation determines how one should conceive, develop, and evaluate the measurement device. This paper compares certifying exams used to determine a person's overall level of competence, and diagnostic exams used to determine a profile of a person's strengths and weaknesses in a particular area. These two types of exams are discussed in terms of their associated educational problem, types of decisions required, optimal test development procedures, and appropriate forms of reliability and validity.
测试与测量是教育系统的关键组成部分，因为它们为做出基本的教育决策提供了重要信息。特定情况下所需的信息类型决定了人们应如何构思、开发和评估测量工具。本文比较了用于确定一个人总体能力水平的认证考试和用于确定一个人在特定领域的优势与劣势概况的诊断考试。从相关的教育问题、所需决策类型、最佳测试开发程序以及可靠性和有效性的适当形式等方面对这两种考试进行了讨论。
