Baumgartner R W, Ringelstein E B
Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Inselspital, Bern.
Ther Umsch. 1996 Jul;53(7):528-34.
Introduction of color-coded duplex sonography has further increased diagnostic confidence of neurovascular ultrasound. Thus, reliable and noninvasive preoperative assessment of patients with carotid artery stenoses becomes feasible, preventing potential adverse effects of cerebral angiography. Moreover, reliable diagnosis of subtotal stenoses and occlusions of the carotid arteries is possible. Transcranial ultrasonography provides reliable assessment of cross-flow through the circle of Willis, and stenoses, occlusions and vasospasm of the major basal cerebral arteries. Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography identifies intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular malformations and hydrocephalus but is inferior to neuroradiological techniques. It is likely that power Doppler sonography and transpulmonary contrast agents will provide an additional increase in diagnostic confidence of neurovascular ultrasonography. In the future, cerebral microemboli may become a marker for embolic activity of occlusive carotid artery and cardiac disease.
彩色编码双功超声的引入进一步提高了神经血管超声检查的诊断可信度。因此，对颈动脉狭窄患者进行可靠且无创的术前评估变得可行，从而避免了脑血管造影的潜在不良影响。此外，对颈动脉次全狭窄和闭塞进行可靠诊断也是可能的。经颅超声检查可对通过 Willis 环的交叉血流以及大脑主要基底动脉的狭窄、闭塞和血管痉挛进行可靠评估。经颅彩色编码双功超声检查可识别颅内出血、脑血管畸形和脑积水，但在这方面不如神经放射学技术。功率多普勒超声和经肺造影剂很可能会进一步提高神经血管超声检查的诊断可信度。未来，脑微栓子可能会成为闭塞性颈动脉疾病和心脏疾病栓子活动的一个标志物。
