新罕布什尔州大规模人群暴露于狂犬病的情况：暴露情况、治疗及成本
Mass human exposure to rabies in New Hampshire: exposures, treatment, and cost.
作者信息
Noah D L, Smith M G, Gotthardt J C, Krebs J W, Green D, Childs J E
机构信息
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1996 Aug;86(8):1149-51. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1149.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed the rabies exposure and treatment that at least 665 persons in Concord, NH, received as a result of one proven rabid pet-store kitten in October 1994.
METHODS
All treatment recipients were interviewed by person or phone.
RESULTS
The median age of the treatment recipients was 14 years; 58% were female. The most common exposures were low risk (e.g., picking up, petting, nuzzling, or being scratched by a potentially rabid kitten). Local reactions to vaccine or immune globulin were reported by 76.5% of recipients, while 48.8% reported at least one systemic reaction. Cost for the biologicals was estimated at more than $1.1 million.
CONCLUSIONS
Because of the inadequacy of pet store records, the inconsistent application of treatment guidelines, and other factors, many people received postexposure treatment as a result of contacts that were unlikely to transmit rabies. The rates of local and systemic adverse reactions experienced were consistent with previous reports.
目的
本研究评估了1994年10月新罕布什尔州康科德至少665人因一只经证实患有狂犬病的宠物商店小猫而接受的狂犬病暴露及治疗情况。
方法
通过面对面或电话访谈所有接受治疗的人。
结果
接受治疗者的年龄中位数为14岁；58%为女性。最常见的暴露情况为低风险（例如，抱起、抚摸、轻触或被一只可能患有狂犬病的小猫抓伤）。76.5%的接受治疗者报告了对疫苗或免疫球蛋白的局部反应，而48.8%的人报告至少有一次全身反应。生物制品的费用估计超过110万美元。
结论
由于宠物商店记录不完整、治疗指南应用不一致以及其他因素，许多人因不太可能传播狂犬病的接触而接受了暴露后治疗。所经历的局部和全身不良反应发生率与先前报告一致。
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