Histological and ultrastructural study of the lingual epithelium of the juvenile Pacific ridley turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea (Chelonia, Cheloniidae).

Histological and ultrastructural studies ot the dorsal lingual epithelium of the juvenile Pacific ridley turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea, were performed by light and electron microscopy, and the results were compared to those of freshwater turtles in order to clarify the relationship between the histological and cellular differences of the lingual epithelium and the habitat of the turtles. The tongue of the juvenile Pacific ridley turtle is triangular with a round apex when viewed from above, but it appears flattened in lateral view. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed no lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Instead, transverse plicae are found on the surface of the body and the radix. The surface of the apex is smooth. Microridge-like structures are present on the surfaces of the cells, and the cell margins are thickened. The mucosal epithelium is keratinized, stratified squamous with a relatively thick layer of desquamating cells. Cells of the basal and deep intermediate layers appear elliptical in shape; and their nuclei are elliptical and centrally located. Numerous desmosomes join the processes of adjacent cells; and hemidesmosomes anchor the basal cells to the basal lamina. The cytoplasm of these cells contains mitochondria, free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, and bundles of tonofilaments. Cells and their nuclei in the intermediate layer display gradual flattening. In the shallow intermediate layer, the cells are significantly flattened, with nuclei condensed or absent. The cytoplasm contains many tonofibrils or bundles of tonofilaments, free ribosomes and keratohyalin granules, with numerous ribosomes attached to their surfaces. A few collapsed mitochondria are visible. Cell membranes of the shallow intermediate cells are smooth and attached to those of adjacent cells by desmosomes. The keratinized layer is located on top of the shallow intermediate layer, and consists of significantly flattened cells lacking nuclei and filled with keratin fibers. Very fine cellular processes joined by desmosomes are visible. The desquamating cells located on top of the keratinized layer contain keratin fibers that are somewhat thicker than tonofibrils and tonofilaments, and clearly distinguishable individually. The microridge-like structures visible by SEM could be attributed to the persistence of cells formed in underlying layer. In conclusion, the histology of the lingual epithelium of the juvenile Pacific ridley turtle differs significantly from that of the adult freshwater turtle in spite of the similarity of the gross morphology of their tongues.