Castillo C, Atalah E, Riumalló J, Castro R
Departamento de Nutrición, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1995 Dec;119(6):494-502.
The purpose of this work was to describe the diet of children under 18 months of age and its relationship to nutritional status. For this purpose, in 1993 a prevalence study was carried out on children who received care from the National Health Services System of Chile. The Chilean public health system provides care to 75% of children under 6 years of age and especially to children of families in the lower strata of income distribution in the country. Participants in the study were 9330 children under 18 months old who were randomly selected from 102 of the 320 urban clinics throughout the country. The type of food these infants had received the day prior to the interview (breast milk exclusively, breast milk plus solid food, formula exclusively, formula plus solid food) and their nutritional status relative to the standards of the National Center for Health Statistics (United States of America) and of WHO were determined. Children with z values for weight-for-age between -1.0 and -2.0 standard deviations were considered at risk for malnutrition, and those with z values under 2 standard deviations were classified as malnourished. The prevalences of exclusive breast-feeding at the first, third, and sixth months of life were 86.5%, 66.7%, and 25.3%, respectively. Some 12.1% of the participants showed low weight for age; 30.7%, low height for age; and 35.7%, overweight. The magnitude of weight-for-age deficiency was 1.2 to 5 times greater among children who were fed milk substitutes than among those who received breast milk. Breast-feeding also had a positive effect on height. These results confirm the benefits of exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months of age, the need to supplement the child's diet with solid food after that age, and the breast-feeding's protective effect on the nutritional status of children of all the ages studied.
这项工作的目的是描述18个月以下儿童的饮食及其与营养状况的关系。为此，1993年对智利国家卫生服务系统所照顾的儿童进行了一项患病率研究。智利公共卫生系统为75%的6岁以下儿童提供护理，尤其是为该国收入分配较低阶层家庭的儿童提供护理。该研究的参与者是9330名18个月以下的儿童，他们是从全国320家城市诊所中的102家随机挑选出来的。确定了这些婴儿在访谈前一天所摄入的食物类型（纯母乳喂养、母乳加固体食物、纯配方奶、配方奶加固体食物）以及他们相对于美国国家卫生统计中心和世界卫生组织标准的营养状况。年龄别体重z值在-1.0至-2.0标准差之间的儿童被视为有营养不良风险，z值低于-2标准差的儿童被归类为营养不良。出生后第一个月、第三个月和第六个月纯母乳喂养的患病率分别为86.5%、66.7%和25.3%。约12.1%的参与者年龄别体重偏低；30.7%年龄别身高偏低；35.7%超重。食用代乳品的儿童年龄别体重不足的程度比母乳喂养的儿童大1.2至5倍。母乳喂养对身高也有积极影响。这些结果证实了6个月龄前纯母乳喂养的益处、该年龄后用固体食物补充儿童饮食的必要性以及母乳喂养对所有研究年龄段儿童营养状况的保护作用。
