Jürgens U, Lu C L, Quondamatteo F
German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany.
Eur J Neurosci. 1996 Jan;8(1):2-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01162.x.
In order to find brain areas involved in the vocal expression of emotion, we compared c-fos expression in three groups of saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis). One group, consisting of three animals, was made to utter more than 800 mobbing calls by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain (PAG). A second group, consisting of two animals, was stimulated in the PAG with the same intensity and for the same duration as the first group but at sites that did not produce vocalization. These sites lay somewhat medial to the vocalization-eliciting sites. A third group, consisting of two animals, was stimulated at vocalization-eliciting sites in the PAG but with an intensity below vocalization threshold. Fos-like immunoreactivity that was found in the vocalizing but not in the non-vocalizing animals was located in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral premotor cortex, sensorimotor face cortex, insula, inferior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, claustrum, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortex, basal amygdaloid nucleus, anterior and dorsomedial hypothalamus, nucleus reuniens, lateral habenula, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, ventral and dorsolateral midbrain tegmentum, nucleus cuneiformis, sagulum, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, ventral raphe, periambigual reticular formation and solitary tract nucleus. For some of these structures (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex and periambigual reticular formation), there is evidence also from electrical stimulation, lesioning and single-unit recording studies that they are involved in vocal control. For other structures (e.g. lateral habenula, Edinger-Westphal nucleus), the available evidence speaks against such a role. Fos activation in these cases is probably related to non-vocal reactions accompanying the electrically elicited vocalizations. A third group of structures consists of areas for which a role in vocal control cannot be excluded but for which the present study presents the first evidence for such a role (e.g. claustrum and sagulum). These structures deserve further studies using more specific methods.
为了找出与情感发声相关的脑区，我们比较了三组鞍背狨猴（Saguinus fuscicollis）的c-fos表达情况。第一组由三只动物组成，通过电刺激中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）使其发出800多次警报叫声。第二组由两只动物组成，以与第一组相同的强度和持续时间刺激PAG，但刺激部位不会引发发声。这些部位位于引发发声部位的内侧。第三组由两只动物组成，在PAG中引发发声的部位进行刺激，但强度低于发声阈值。在发声动物而非不发声动物中发现的Fos样免疫反应位于背内侧和腹外侧前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质、腹外侧运动前皮质、感觉运动面部皮质、岛叶、顶下皮质、颞上皮质、屏状核、内嗅和海马旁皮质、基底杏仁核、下丘脑前核和背内侧核、 reunien核、外侧缰核、动眼神经副核、腹侧和背外侧中脑被盖、楔形核、脑垂、脚桥核和外侧背侧被盖核、腹侧中缝、疑核周围网状结构和孤束核。对于其中一些结构（如前扣带回皮质和疑核周围网状结构），电刺激、损伤和单单位记录研究也有证据表明它们参与了发声控制。对于其他结构（如外侧缰核、动眼神经副核），现有证据不支持这种作用。在这些情况下，Fos激活可能与电诱发发声伴随的非发声反应有关。第三组结构包括那些不能排除在发声控制中起作用，但本研究首次提供此类作用证据的区域（如屏状核和脑垂）。这些结构值得使用更具体的方法进行进一步研究。
