生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子I对大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）耐盐性及鳃Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶的影响：与皮质醇的相互作用

Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+-ATPase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): interaction with cortisol.

作者信息

McCormick S D

机构信息

Anadromous Fish Research Center, National Biological Service, Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, USA.

出版信息

Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1996 Jan;101(1):3-11. doi: 10.1006/gcen.1996.0002.

DOI:10.1006/gcen.1996.0002

PMID:8713639

Abstract

The potential roles of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in seawater (SW) acclimation of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were examined. Compared to controls, fish in 12 ppt seawater given one or three injections (2-6 days) of GH (ovine, 0.2 microgram.g-1) or IGF-I (recombinant bovine, 0.05-0.2 microgram.g-1) had significantly greater salinity tolerance as judged by lower plasma sodium, osmolality, and muscle moisture content following transfer to 34 ppt. Single injections of GH and IGF-I in fish in fresh water failed to improve salinity tolerance following transfer to 25 ppt SW. Treatment of fish in 12 ppt with GH or IGF-I for 2-6 days did not increase gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity, but treatment with GH prevented decreases in gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity that occurred in controls following transfer to 34 ppt seawater. Fish in fresh water administered GH by implants (5.0 microgram.g-1) or osmotic minipumps (0.5 micrograms.g-1 day-1) for 7-14 days had greater gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and salinity tolerance than controls. IGF-I administered by implants (0.5-1.0 microgram.g-1) or osmotic minipumps (0.1 microgram.g-1 day-1) for 4-14 days did not increase salinity tolerance or gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. Cortisol implants (50 micrograms.g-1) also increased gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and salinity tolerance after 14 days, and in combination with GH had a synergistic effect, Although IGF-I and cortisol implants had no significant effect after 7 days, in combination they significantly increased gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. The results indicate that GH and cortisol can increase salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity of Atlantic salmon and together act in synergy. Although IGF-I can increase salinity tolerance in short-term treatments (2-6 days) in 12 ppt, it is less effective than GH in increasing salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in long-term treatments (7-14 days) and in interacting with cortisol.

摘要

研究了生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF-I）在大西洋鲑幼鱼海水驯化中的潜在作用。与对照组相比，在12ppt海水中注射一次或三次（2 - 6天）GH（羊GH，0.2微克·克⁻¹）或IGF-I（重组牛IGF-I，0.05 - 0.2微克·克⁻¹）的鱼，在转移到34ppt海水后，根据较低的血浆钠、渗透压和肌肉水分含量判断，其盐度耐受性显著更高。在淡水中对鱼单次注射GH和IGF-I，在转移到25ppt海水后未能提高盐度耐受性。用GH或IGF-I处理12ppt的鱼2 - 6天，并未增加鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性，但用GH处理可防止转移到34ppt海水后对照组中出现的鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性下降。在淡水中通过植入物（5.0微克·克⁻¹）或渗透微型泵（0.5微克·克⁻¹·天⁻¹）给予GH 7 - 14天的鱼，其鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性和盐度耐受性高于对照组。通过植入物（0.5 - 1.0微克·克⁻¹）或渗透微型泵（0.1微克·克⁻¹·天⁻¹）给予IGF-I 4 - 14天，并未增加盐度耐受性或鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性。皮质醇植入物（50微克·克⁻¹）在14天后也增加了鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性和盐度耐受性，并且与GH联合使用具有协同作用。虽然IGF-I和皮质醇植入物在7天后没有显著影响，但联合使用时它们显著增加了鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性。结果表明，GH和皮质醇可提高大西洋鲑的盐度耐受性和鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性，且二者共同作用具有协同效应。虽然IGF-I在12ppt的短期处理（2 - 6天）中可提高盐度耐受性，但在长期处理（7 - 14天）以及与皮质醇相互作用时，其在提高盐度耐受性和鳃Na⁺，K⁺-ATP酶活性方面不如GH有效。